COMPLEMENTS

GERUNDS and INFINITIVES * NOUN CLAUSES * NOTES * PRACTICE: PEOPLE's COURT / TO TELL THE TRUTH

SUBJECT OR SUBJECT COMPLEMENT _________ + v       s + be + _________       It + v + ________
THAT-CLAUSES indirect statements (THE FACT) THAT SV	WH-CLAUSES indirect questions and nominal relative clauses ("anticipatory it" with indirect questions only) IF/WHETHER SV WHAT/WHO (S)V	GERUND (verb or noun modifiers) (not with "anticipatory it") -ING	INFINITIVE (use for for subject of infinitive) (also reduced wh-clauses) TO V
OLD NEW (The fact) that he lost upset him The problem was that he lost It upset him that he lost	OLD NEW Whether he won or lost is unimportant Losing was what upset him It is not clear what we should do.	OLD NEW (His) losing upset him. The problem was (our) losing. The winning of games is important.	OLD NEW (For him) to win was his goal. What to do was not clear. Our goal was (for him) to win. It upset him to play.
DIRECT OBJECT sv + ________
THAT-CLAUSES indirect statements (THAT) SV	WH-CLAUSES indirect questions and nominal relative clauses WHETHER SV WHAT/WHO (S)V	GERUND (verb or noun modifiers) (check this list for verb modifiers -ING	INFINITIVE (check this list) (also reduced wh-clauses) TO V
He told her (that) he was in bed.	She asked if he was sick He didn't know how he should answer	He enjoys (her) playing.	He hopes to play. He taught her to play. We want (her) to go. He waited for her to go. He doesn't know how to answer. We believe him to be crazy. He is believed to be crazy.
OBJECT of a PREPOSITION prep + ______
THAT-CLAUSES indirect statements (not possible, without inserting a noun: THE FACT THAT +SV)	WH-CLAUSES indirect questions and nominal relative clauses WHETHER + SV WHAT/WHO + (S)V	GERUND -ING (verb or noun modifiers) -ING
How do you feel about the fact that he won?.	He asked her about whether he should go. That depends on who else is going.	I'm interested in (her) selling my car.
ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT adj.+ _______
THAT-CLAUSES indirect statements (THAT) SV	WH-CLAUSES limited adjectives -- indirect questions only! WHETHER SV WHAT/WHO (S)V		INFINITIVE TO V
I'm sorry (that) I'm late..	I'm not sure whether we can still go. Aren't you curious what time it starts?		action: It was useful for him to go. person: It was rude of him to go. emotion: I was surprised to see her. too/enough : He was too short (for me) to reach.
NOUN COMPLEMENT noun + __________
THAT-CLAUSES indirect statements THAT SV			INFINITIVE (reduced adjective clauses and more) TO V
The news that he won surprised us all.		(not possible) (reduced adjective clause = participle: The man sitting under the tree..)	The first person to finish will win. Is there a car (for him) to drive? I have a job (for you) to do.
PURPOSE SV _________
THAT-CLAUSES SO (THAT) SV(modal)			INFINITIVE (IN ORDER) TO V
He did it so (that) he/she could win.			He did it (in order) (for her) to win.
OUTCOME SV ________
			INFINITIVE TO V
			He awoke to find the house on fire.
COMPOUND (ATTRIBUTIVE) NOUNS _____ + noun
		GERUND -ING
		... a new sleeping bag ...