EXAMPLES OF LEXICAL ASPECT

VERB TENSES * LEXICAL ASPECT

Progressive or perfect finite verbs in the Sept. 2, 1998 DAILY ILLINI Online

The articles are:
* Cleaning service demands money
*The voice of the students
* Rush goes (more) formal for frats
* Filmmaker spends week with UI students
* Council meeting focuses on historical designations
* Bone marrow donors provide patients a last chance at life
* Natural Areas Work Days help restore wild Urbana
* Expo offers an opportunity for UI students to explore options
* Trouble brews as drunks menace local gas station

To see the complete articles, click on the DI link above. (A new browser window will appear with the first page of this issue of the DI, from which you can access the individual articles. With both windows open, you can adjust them so that part of each is always visible, and you can easily move back and forth between them.)

Look at these examples of perfect and progressive verb phrases:

PROGRESSIVE
(Are there any stative verbs here? Do they all represent duration or repetition of actions?)

  1. First Hand has not been paid the full amount it is requesting for its services....
  2. He added that First Hand was harassing his office in an attempt to collect payment for a job that wasn't done.
  3. First Hand is running a scam, saying they cleaned apartments when they actually didn't," Horn said
  4. Hess said she was only picketing in an attempt to protect students
  5. "I'm open to being nominated for a MacArthur Fellowship for poetry," LaDue said, "but I'm not holding my breath."
  6. In response to a recent decline in rush attendance, all Inter-Fraternity Council-member fraternities are participating in a "more formalized rush system."
  7. As of Monday, interested students have been meeting in groups divided up by location
  8. "Those who would (otherwise) be timid to do so are going and seeing more houses," said Eric Bussell
  9. the new procedure is also helping to educate people about the greek system
  10. Academy Award-winning director Barbara Trent is spending her week at the University.
  11. Trent has been conducting seminars at the University since Monday
  12. She will be speaking to students about her life, career and social issues
  13. We would not stand by and pretend that it (the war) was not happening."
  14. Presently, Trent is considering working on a 10-part television series about ...
  15. she is looking forward to discussing this new project with students at the University.
  16. "I'm hoping the students can get together and do some brainstorming with me,"
  17. Many patients suffering from diseases such as leukemia and anemia are anticipating their turn for a chance at life through healthy bone marrow
  18. As a result, donor recruitment campaigns are being geared toward increasing the number of minority donors
  19. The Urbana Park District is looking for student volunteers to clean and restore Busey Woods and Meadowbrook Park as a part of the Natural Areas Work Days.
  20. This includes clearing away non-native plant species that are affecting the woods
PERFECT
(Where are the stative verbs? dynamic verbs? What kinds of time expressions do you see?
no adverb of duration
(no time or length of time mentioned, or a non-specific time like "already" or "recently")
with adverb of duration
(how long?)
  1. First Hand has not been paid the full amount it is requesting for its services
  2. At least six employees of First Hand Cleaners have picketed the offices of First National Real Estate at109 S. Wright St., Champaign, during the last two days.
  3. First Hand has not done the required amount of work
  4. We've only had two complaints so far this year
  5. Janis Terry ... said she has not been paid for the work she has done.
  6. This is the first year that First Hand has cleaned apartments for First National
  7. ... two copies of bills totalling $5,275 that First Hand said were for cleaning it had done for First National
  8. Any student who has watched a Champaign City Council meeting may have noticed..
  9. Patt and LaDue .. in 1984. LaDue had come to the University in 1981 as a graduate student in European history
  10. "Civic involvement is a value I've always cherished."
  11. " I've learned from the lives of many people," he said.
  12. Although he had a book published in the late 1970s, LaDue takes more pride in the work he's done since, which he hasn't had time to publish.
  13. LaDue has voted for "what's best for the community, not just his district."
  14. The Campustown 2000 committee has worked with the Champaign, Urbana and University police departments to devise better tactics for dealing with crime.
  15. The committee has also brought in landlords to discuss...
  16. "It's been a pleasure to see the development of a relationship between the council and the University that 10 years ago didn't exist,"
  17. Champaign mayor ... Dannel McCollum was and has continued to be very receptive to LaDue's ideas
  18. the council has taken a more progressive stand on other civic issues, such as ...
  19. Additional projects that have gone into effect ... are the bike patrol and ...
  20. His prose and poetry have been published in the literary journal at McGill University.
  21. "I've always tried to do my best and I'm proud of that.
  22. According to Bussell, turnout has been good,
  23. Connolly said the new rush schedule has been beneficial for his fraternity this year
  24. With a step toward a more organized rush schedule, fraternities across campus have adopted a new systematic approach.
  25. Among the films that Trent has directed and produced are The Panama Deception ...
  26. Trent has been sponsored to speak at events by the American Film Institute, the ...
  27. the in-residence guests have retained their eccentricity and have avoided "society's ready-made roles."
  28. The council agreed to preserve the building on the strength of its design, and that it has been a longstanding mainstay in the community."
  29. the Hillel Foundation ... has brought legal counsel to city meetings to help voice its opposition.
  30. "I have considered the owner's opposition .. it is outweighed by the other criteria."
  31. The need for organ donations is no secret, but many have not heard of the need for donations of bone marrow
  32. Busey Woods ... has never been developed much past its natural state.
  33. she has learned how to have fun ... through working with children.
  34. All credit card companies have been notified, the report said
  35. Late Monday night, a male flagged down a Champaign Police officer in the station's north parking lot, saying that he had been battered at Chester Street Bar
  36. the owners told officers they had locked the door before leaving
  1. LaDue, who doesn't own a car, can be seen all over town on the Raleigh bicycle he's had for 20 years.
  2. LaDue has served the second district of Champaign ... for the past 12 years.
  3. Vincent Bellafiore ... has lived in LaDue's district for 15 years
  4. Aside from working at the pipe shop and on the City Council, LaDue has also served on the Champaign Public Library board of trustees for the past five years,
  5. Ever since the issue of historical preservation came to the forefront of city council debates, council members have backed the idea except in cases where the owner(s) have an objection.
  6. Since then, owners and other community members have opposed it
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
with adverb of duration
NO adverb of duration
Do you expect to find any stative verbs in this list? Why not?
Do these verb phrases show duration or completion / prior experience?
(There were NONE of these in the 9 articles examined. Can you find some examples yourself?)
  1. As of Monday, interested students have been meeting in groups ...
  2. Trent has been conducting seminars at the University since Monday



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Ann Salzmann
Intensive English Institute
University of Illinois