EXAMPLES OF LEXICAL ASPECT

VERB TENSES * LEXICAL ASPECT

Progressive or perfect finite verbs in the articles on FIFA, Fathers' Day, and the June 11, 2002 News-Gazette.

The News-Gazette articles are:
* Employees follow superintendent from Texas
* UI takes hit under Ryan plan
* Urbana rejects tightened rules on historic areas
* Urbana to appeal court decisions on housing case
* House overrides governor«s veto
* Woman pleads guilty to murder of Danville man
To see the original articles, go to the class homepage.

Look at these examples of perfect and progressive verb phrases:

PROGRESSIVE
(Are there any stative verbs here? Do they all represent duration or repetition of actions?)

  1. The country of the twofold Olympic winner was celebrating its 100th anniversary of independence in 1930 at great expense.
  2. At about the same time in various towns and cities across America other people were beginning to celebrate a "father's day."
  3. I am sorry you are having such a hard time in mathematics
  4. They were sitting solemnly beside one another.
  5. Norris will take over the position held by Arlene Blank, who is retiring after almost 30 years in central office administration.
  6. "We somehow skewed our use of the commission, and we 're using it to punish a citizen we don't believe," Whelan said.
  7. support was starting to erode somewhat, as evidenced by state Rep. Tom Johnson, R-West Chicago.

PERFECT
(Where are the stative verbs? dynamic verbs? What kinds of time expressions do you see?
no adverb of duration
(no time or length of time mentioned, or a non-specific time like "already" or "recently")
  1. The long path towards full expansion had been sketched out .
  2. When he took over the world football federation, the latter, which had been shaken by the I World War, counted 20 members.
  3. The British had left in unison ...
  4. A new epoch had begun for world football.
  5. His successor was Arthur Drewry, who was elected on 9 June 1956, but had already headed FIFA for over half a year on an interim basis.
  6. Previously, FIFA had been somewhat conservative ...
  7. Administrative energy had been concentrated on consolidating and maintaining the status quo.
  8. The actual address in Zurich has not altered ..
  9. Over the past 25 years football has not only taken root as the world's major game in an ephemeral world but has also blossomed in other ranches of society ...
  10. Football has enveloped whole regions, people and nations
  11. Since 1930, the 16 tournaments have seen only seven different winners.
  12. However, the FIFA World Cup has also been punctuated by dramatic upsets that have helped create footballing history.
  13. It was after Mrs. Dodd became an adult that she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.
  14. Father's Day has become a day to not only honor your father, but all men who act as a father figure.
  15. These letters of TR's have been collected in an engaging anthology by Joan Patterson Kerr.
  16. They .. looked just as if they had come out of a book.
  17. We have obeyed your orders, we're very glad to say.
  18. Both have worked for new Superintendent Arthur Culver in Longview, Texas.
  19. "The board has expressed a desire for change ..
  20. how do you know you've got the best if you haven't gone through the process?"
  21. The UI, which had alreadyexpected to have $65 million less to work with in the coming year, learned Monday that Gov. George Ryan used his veto power to cut the university's funding by another $26.3 million.
  22. The additional cuts approach the worst-case scenario the university had planned for, Tate said.
  23. Even before learning of Ryan's new cuts, the UI had expected to cut most pay raises and eliminate about 600 positions at all campuses, mostly through attrition.
  24. The city's human relations commission found Rhodes had violated the city's human rights ordinance ..
  25. "Many arguments have been given for reasons why (the Department of Corrections) should maintain the status quo with their food service functions,"
  26. Ryan noted that private prison food service has been successful in other states, in Illinois counties including Champaign, and even in state facilities.

with adverb of duration
(how long?)
  1. This victory at the 15st FIFA Congress in Paris elevated Blatter, who had already served FIFA in various positions for 23 years, onto the highest rang in international football.
  2. Ever since the first tentative competition in Uruguay in 1930, FIFA's flagship has constantly grown in popularity and prestige.
  3. The Department of Corrections has had contractual food service at the Joliet prison since the early 1980s and at all the adult transitional, or work-release, centers, including Urbana Community Correctional Center.

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(There were NONE of these in the 10 articles examined. Can you find some examples yourself?)



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Ann Salzmann
Intensive English Institute
University of Illinois